Judge: John J. Kralik, Case: 23BBCV01073, Date: 2025-03-14 Tentative Ruling


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Case Number: 23BBCV01073    Hearing Date: March 14, 2025    Dept: NCB

 

Superior Court of California

County of Los Angeles

North Central District

Department B

 

nina beltran,

                        Plaintiff,

            v.

 

your way tree service, inc., et al.,

                        Defendants.

 

  Case No.:  23BBCV01073

 

   Hearing Date:  March 14, 2025

 

[TENTATIVE] order RE:

Motion for an order to bifurcate trial

 

Background

A.    Allegations

Plaintiff Nina Beltran (“Plaintiff”) alleges that she was employed by Defendants Your Way Tree Service, Inc. (“YWTS”) and Jesse Montoya (“Montoya”).  She alleges that on January 24, 2023, she requested, for the first time in her three years of employment, to take a day off from work with Defendants to take care of a personal/family matter.  She alleges that in response to her request, Defendants told her to take the whole week off.  Plaintiff alleges that she responded that she did not need the entire week off and that she asked if she should return to work on Saturday, but Defendants did not respond.  Plaintiff allege that at an in-person meeting on January 29, 2023, she was informed that she was terminated from employment.  Plaintiff has filed this lawsuit, alleging that she was wrongfully terminated for requesting a day off from work and for resisting to partake in Montoya’s harassing conduct and advances.  She alleges various Labor Code and IWC Wage Order violations.

The complaint, filed May 15, 2023, alleges causes of action for: (1) failure to pay timely wages; (2) failure to pay compensation due upon termination; (3) failure to pay all wages for overtime; (4) failure to provide accurate wage statements; (5) failure to provide rest breaks; (6) failure to provide meal breaks; (7) hostile work environment – sexual harassment; (8) failure to prevent harassment; (9) retaliation; (10) wrongful termination; (11) IIED; and (12) unfair competition. 

On July 1, 2024, Plaintiff dismissed without prejudice the 9th and 10th causes of action only.   

B.     Motion on Calendar

On January 8, 2025, Defendants filed a motion for an order to bifurcate trial.

The Court is not in receipt of an opposition brief.

LEGAL STANDARD

            CCP § 598 states in relevant part:

The court may, when the convenience of witnesses, the ends of justice, or the economy and efficiency of handling the litigation would be promoted thereby, on motion of a party, after notice and hearing, make an order, no later than the close of pretrial conference in cases in which such pretrial conference is to be held, or, in other cases, no later than 30 days before the trial date, that the trial of any issue or any part thereof shall precede the trial of any other issue or any part thereof in the case, except for special defenses which may be tried first pursuant to Sections 597 and 597.5. The court, on its own motion, may make such an order at any time. Where trial of the issue of liability as to all causes of action precedes the trial of other issues or parts thereof, and the decision of the court, or the verdict of the jury upon such issue so tried is in favor of any party on whom liability is sought to be imposed, judgment in favor of such party shall thereupon be entered and no trial of other issues in the action as against such party shall be had unless such judgment shall be reversed upon appeal or otherwise set aside or vacated.

(CCP § 598.) 

CCP § 1048(b) states in relevant part:

The court, in furtherance of convenience or to avoid prejudice, or when separate trials will be conducive to expedition and economy, may order a separate trial of any cause of action, including a cause of action asserted in a cross-complaint, or of any separate issue or of any number of causes of action or issues, preserving the right of trial by jury required by the Constitution or a statute of the state or of the United States.

(CCP § 1048(b).) 

            Civil Code, § 3295(d) states:

The court shall, on application of any defendant, preclude the admission of evidence of that defendant's profits or financial condition until after the trier of fact returns a verdict for plaintiff awarding actual damages and finds that a defendant is guilty of malice, oppression, or fraud in accordance with Section 3294. Evidence of profit and financial condition shall be admissible only as to the defendant or defendants found to be liable to the plaintiff and to be guilty of malice, oppression, or fraud. Evidence of profit and financial condition shall be presented to the same trier of fact that found for the plaintiff and found one or more defendants guilty of malice, oppression, or fraud.

(Civ. Code, § 3295(d).) 

DISCUSSION

A.    Trial Date

On February 3, 2025, the Court granted Defendants’ ex parte application to continue the trial date.  The Final Status Conference is set for May 29, 2025.  The Jury Trial is set for June 9, 2025.  The discovery cut-off deadlines are tied with this trial date.

B.     Discussion of Motion

Defendants move to bifurcate the issues of liability, actual damages, and fraud, malice, or oppression before the issue of punitive damages.  Defendants argue that Plaintiff seeks punitive damages in connection with her 7th and 8th causes of action for hostile work environment and failure to prevent harassment. 

Defendants argue that bifurcation will benefit the Court, the parties, and their counsel so that court time is not wasted on Defendants’ financial condition to support an award of punitive damages, before liability and evidence of fraud, malice, and/or oppression are first established.  They also argue that evidence of their financial condition may prejudice the jury’s determination of liability.

            The Court finds that phasing the trial so that issues of liability and actual damages are determined first, prior to the presentation of evidence to support punitive damages would promote judicial economy and efficiency.  Unless liability and actual damages are first determined, the issue of punitive damages cannot be reached.  As such, the motion to bifurcate is granted.

CONCLUSION AND ORDER

Defendants Your Way Tree Service, Inc. and Jesse Montoya’s motion to bifurcate is granted.  The trial shall be phased as follows: (1) issues of liability, actual damages, and fraud, malice, or oppression; and (2) the issue of punitive damages and Defendants’ financials. 

Defendants shall provide notice of this order.

 

 

DATED: March 14, 2025                                                       ___________________________

                                                                                          John Kralik

                                                                                          Judge of the Superior Court